1 курс My working day

 

MY WORKING DAY

 1 курс

MY WORKING DAY

Usually I get up at 7 o'clock on week-days. I do my bed and open the window. Sometimes I do my morning exercises, but not always. Then I go to the bathroom. There I wash myself and clean my teeth. Sometimes I take a shower. After that I go back to my bedroom, dress my­self and brush my hair. In five minutes I am ready for breakfast. I usually have a cup of tea or coffee and a sand­wich. After breakfast I take my bag, put on my coat and go to the college.

I live not far from my college and it takes me only ten minutes to walk there. I am never late for the first lesson because I come to the college a few minutes before the bell. I leave my coat in the cloakroom and go to the classroom. The lessons begin at eight o'clock and at half past one they are over. Sometimes after the lessons I go to the library to take some books. I usually do my hometask at home. As a rule, I have no free time on my week-days.

Sometimes I have dinner at my college canteen. For dinner I usually have soup for the first course, meat or fish with some salad for the second. I drink milk or a cup of tea.

Twice a week I go to the swimming pool. I play volley­ball in the college team and we have our training at our big gymnasium.

In the evening all the members of our family get to­gether. We have supper together, watch TV or read books. Reading is my hobby. I like to read detective sto­ries or books of modern writers. At about eleven o'clock I go to bed.

Words

usually — обычно 

sometimes — иногда 

enough — достаточно 

shower — душ 

always — всегда 

only — только 

never — никогда 

cloakroom — раздевалка 

as a rule — как правило 

canteen — столовая 

twice — дважды 

team — команда 

gymnasium — спортзал

 

Задание 6.5. Ответьте на вопросы.

1.When do you usually get up on your working day?

2.What do you do in the morning when you get up?

3.What do you have for breakfast?

4. How much time does it take you to get to the college?

5. Do you have dinner at home or at the canteen?

6.  What do you usually have for dinner?

7.  Do you often go to the library?

8.  When does your family have supper?

9.  Do you go in for sports?

10. When do you usually go to bed?

2 курс Education in the United States

Education in the United States

There is no federal educational standard in the USA. Schooling and educational programmes are the responsibility of each state; this is why one can find great differences in education from state to state. No uniform demands exist on education in schools or universities throughout the nation. In most states attending school is obligatory for children between six and seventeen. Secondary education institutions include elementary schools and high schools.

Higher education in the USA is not nation-wide. Colleges differ a lot from each other in scale and level of education as well as in the “quality” of diplomas given. There are private and state universities. Private education is considered more prestigious. The most famous private university is Harvard. Higher education is rather expensive in the USA.

A typical American university has two levels of education: two years of undergraduate classes and two more years of graduate classes. The undergraduate years are called the freshman and the sophomore year. During the first and the second year the students take subjects of general education: Science, Humanities, Arts. The specialization begins at the third and the fourth years, named the junior and the senior year respectively. After the fourth year at college, students get a Bachelor’s degree. Graduates may specialize further and do research. They get a Master’s Degree.

EXERCISES 20. Give the English equivalents of the following words and word combinations:

федеральный стандарт образования; учебные и образовательные программы; универсальные требования; начальная школа; средняя школа; считается более престижным; самый известный; довольно дорогое; первый курс; второй курс; третий курс; четвертый курс; общеобразовательные предметы; специализация; степень бакалавра; степень магистра

21. Agree or disagree:

1. The system of education in the USA works according to the national standard.

2. Admission to elementary and high schools is free.

3. State universities are more prestigious than private ones.

4. The course in a typical American university lasts five or six years.

5. Sophomore is the second year in a university.

6. The specialization begins at the first year of studies in a university.

22. Make up ten questions on the text.

23. Compare education in the United States and in Russia.

24. Speak about education in the United States. 

1 курс Числительные

 

Числительные

 1 курс

ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ 

количественные - cколько?

порядковые - который?.

5,550 — five thousand five hundred and fifty

1500 — fifteen hundred

Числительные hundred, thousand, million не имеют окончания -s, когда перед ними сто­ит другое числительное. Когда числительные обозна­чают неопределенное количество, они употребляются во множественном числе с окончанием -s, за которым следует предлог of. Сравните:

hundreds of books                            two hundred books

thousands of books                          five thousand books 

millions of people                            2 million people

Номера страниц, домов, квартир, транспорта, обо­значаются не порядковыми, а количественными числи­тельными. В этих случаях существительные употреб­ляются без артикля: page 15, house 40, flat 13, bus 72.

1900 — nineteen hundred, in (the year) nineteen hundred

2000 — two thousand, in (the year) two thousand

1905 — nineteen five, in (the year) nineteen five

 Даты читаются следующим образом:

April 12, 2001    

1) on the twelfth of April, two thousand one 

2) on April the twelfth, two thousand one

 

HOME TASK

Задание 3.1. Прочтите по-английски:

1.      Количественные числительные:

3, 5,11,12,13, 24, 69, 325,1005, 530425,1.745.033.

2.      Порядковые числительные:

1, 2, 15, 23, 84, 149, 150, 208, 1000, 2.000.000. 

Задание З.2. Напишите цифрами следующие даты:

a)  The first of March nineteen seventy-six.

b)  The fifth of December two thousand.

c)   The sixteenth of May nineteen five.

d)  The third of July nineteen hundred, in (the year) nineteen ninety-seven in (the year) nineteen hundred eighty-one in (the year) two thousand five.

 Задание 3.3. Напишите по-английски: 1) 7 марта 1999 года; 2) 1 сентября 1974 года; 3) 22 апреля 1911 года; 4) 11 марта 1951 года; 5) 12 декабря 2024 года.

Как читаются дробные числительные?

Простые         Десятичные

1/2 — a (one) half;  

0.1— O[ou] point one 

1/4 — a (one) quarter   

2.45 — two point four five 

2/3 — two thirds      

35.25 — three five (или: thirty-five) point two five 

1.5 — one and a half

 Задание З.4. Напишите цифрами дробные числа:

Простые:

1) A (one) half 2) two thirds 3) a (one) quarter 4) three fourths 5) two and a (one) half 6) five and one sixth 7) a (one) fifth.

Десятичные:

1) Zero (nought/ou) point two 2) two point four five 3) four point five 4) three four (thirty four) point one zero two 5) nought point nought one 6) six point three five 7) fifty eight point three nought five.

1 курс. About myself

1 курс       Прочитайте, переведите текст, выпишите незнакомые слова с транскрипцией в словари и выучите их. 

                                                       ABOUT MYSELF 

  My name is Marina Suvorova. I am 15.1 was born on the 5th of March, 1985 in Rostov-on-Don. Now I live in Rostov with my parents and my grandmother. My family is not very large. We have five people in our family. My father's name is Igor Petrovich He is forty years old. He is a doctor and he works at a hospi­tal. My mother's name is Lyudmila Leonidovna. She is thirty nine years old. She is a housewife. My younger sister is a pupil. She is in the seventh form. My grand­mother lives with us. She doesn't work. She is a pen­sioner. I love my family. We are all friends and we love each other. I have one aunt and two uncles. Their children are my cousins. We live in a big flat in a new house. There are four rooms in our flat: a living room, a study, a kitchen, a bathroom and two bedrooms. We have all modern conveniences: gas, hot water, running water, electricity and telephone. I have my duties about the house. I must go shopping. I help my Mother to clean the rooms. It's not difficult for me. I like our home to be clean and tidy. I am a student of the college now. We have many good teachers at our college. I try to be a good pupil and I do well in all subjects. But my favourite subject is English. I spend much time on it. I like reading. I like detective stories but I prefer to read historical novels or modern writers. I have many friends. Many of them are my classmates. We spend much time together, go for a walk, talk about lessons, music and discuss our problems. I like to listen to modern music, but sometimes I like to listen to some classical music. My favourite compos­er is Tchaikovsky. I haven't much time to watch TV but sometimes I spend an hour or two watching an inter­esting film or a news programme. In the evening I of­ten read newspapers or an interesting book. I like fresh air and exercises, but I have not much time to go in for sports.

 Words:

  parents — родители 

 a housewife — домохозяйка 

 younger — младшая 

 a pensioner — пенсионер

 an aunt — тетя 

 an uncle — дядя

 a cousin — кузен, кузина 

 living room — жилая комната

 a study — кабинет 

 a bathroom — ванная, туалет 

 a bedroom— спальня

 modern — современный 

 conveniences — удобства 

 running water — холодная вода 

 duties — обязанности 

 to go shopping — ходить за покупками 

 tidy — опрятный 

 to try — стараться, пытаться

 favourite — любимый 

 to do well — зд. успевать 

 favourite — любимый

 to prefer — предпочитать

 to spend — проводить, тратить 

 sometimes — иногда 

 an hour — час

 fresh — свежий 

 go in for sports — заниматься спортом 

 Задание 5.8.

 Ответьте на вопросы. 

 1. What is your name? 

 2. Where and when were you born?

 3. How old are you?

 4. Where do you live?

 5. Have you got a family?

 6. How large is your family? 

7. Do you have brothers, sisters, grandparents in your family?

 8. What are your father and mother? 

 9. How many rooms are there in your flat? 

 10.What modern conveniences have you got in your flat?

 11.What are your duties about the house? 

12.What is your favourite subject at the college?

 13.What books do you like to read?

 14.What music do you like to listen to?

 15.Do you go in for sports?

 16.What sport do you go in for? 

 17. Do you have any hobby?

 18. Do you have a lot of friends?

 19. What do u usually do together?

 20. What kind of person are u?

1 курс. Глагол to be

 1 курс Глагол to be 

          Глагол to be (быть, являться,находиться) – это без преувеличения главный элемент английской грамматики, ключ к ней.  Глагол to be — единственный, имеющий особые формы в разных лицах и числа.

Глагол to be в настоящем времени

В настоящем времени to be используется в 3 формах: am, is, are. Am,is- единственное число, are-множественное число

   

   

	единственное число
1 лицо	I am (I’m)	We are (we’re)
2 лицо	You are (you’re)	You are (you’re)
3 лицо	He (she, it) is (he’s, she’s, it’s)	They are (they’re)

 

                                                                     

I am a doctor — я врач,Примеры:

We are colleagues — мы коллеги,

You are my friend — ты мой друг,

He (She) is the president — он (она) президент,

It is your job — это твоя работа,

 

Глагол to be в прошедшем времени

Прошедшее время запомнить еще проще, там только 2 формы: was — единственное число, were — множественное

	единственное число
1 лицо	I was	We were
2 лицо	You were	You were
3 лицо	He (she, it) was	They were

Примеры:

I was your teacher — я был вашим учителем,

We were soldiers — мы были солдатами,

You were my classmate — ты был моим одноклассником,

She was your nanny — она была твоей няней,

Глагол to be в будущем времени

В будущем времени все еще проще — вспомогательный глагол «will» + одна-единственная форма «be». «Will» сам по себе никак не переводится, он служит индикатором будущего времени.

	Единственное число	Множественное число
1 лицо	I will be (I’ll be)	We will be (we’ll be)
2 лицо	You will be (you’ll be)	You will be (you’ll be)
3 лицо	He (she, it) will be (he’ll be)	They will be (they’ll be)

Примеры:

I will be patient – Я буду терпелив.

You will be happy – Вы будете счастливы.

Mark will be busy tomorrow – Марк будет завтра занят. 

Отрицательная и вопросительная форма с to be

Отрицания с to be строятся по простому шаблону, в настоящем и прошедшем времени после to be нужно поставить отрицательную частицу not, в будущем not ставится между will и be (will not be).

В отрицательной форме тоже можно сокращать, например: I’m not… , we’re not.

Примечание: отрицания с are, you, могут сокращаться двумя способами:

1. You are not = you’re not; we are not = we’re not,
2. You are not = you aren’t, we are not = we aren’t.

	Единственное число	Множественное число
	Настоящее время
1 лицо	I am not	We are not
2 лицо	You are not	You are not
3 лицо	He (she, it) is not	They are not
	Прошедшее время
1 лицо	I was not	We were not
2 лицо	You were not	You were not
3 лицо	He (she, it) was not	They were not
	Будущее время
1 лицо	I will not be	We will not be
2 лицо	You will not be	You will not be
3 лицо	He (she, it) will not be	They will not be

Чтобы образовать вопросительную форму, переставьте to be в начало фразы (не забудьте вопросительную интонацию и знак вопроса).

	Единственное число	Множественное число
	Настоящее время
1 лицо	Am I …?	Are we ..?
2 лицо	Are you ..?	Are you ..?
3 лицо	Is he (she, it) ..?	Are they ..?
	Прошедшее время
1 лицо	Was I ..?	Were we ..?
2 лицо	Were you..?	Were you..?
3 лицо	Was he (she, it) ..?	Were they ..?
	Будущее время
1 лицо	Will I be ..?	Will we be ..?
2 лицо	Will you be ..?	Will you be ..?
3 лицо	Will he (she, it) be ..?	Will they be ..?

HOMEWORK

Задание 2.11. Прочтите, переведите и перепиши­те, используя, где возможно, сокращения.

I am a student. Am I a student? Yes, you are.

We are students. Are we students? Yes, we are.

He is a doctor. Is he a doctor? No, he is not. He is not a doctor.

Are you doctors? Yes, you are. You are doctors.

She is a teacher. They are teachers. He is a teacher.

It is a dog. Is it a dog? Yes, it is.

Ann is a first-year student. 

She has a book. 

She has an English book. 

Her book is good. It is interesting.

I am a first-year student, too. 

But I have no English book.

Has Pete an English book? No, he has not.

Have you an English book? No, I have not. I have not a good English book. My English book is old.

Задание 2.12. Письменно поставьте предложения в вопросительную форму и дайте краткие утверди­тельные или отрицательные ответы.

Образец: She is his sister. Is she his sister? Yes, she is. No, she isn't.

1. My father is a worker. 2. He is an engineer now. 3. These children are little. 4. You are my best friend .5. Your daughter is a pupil. 6. I am a student. 7. They are good boys. 8. Our mother is a teacher.

 Задание 2.13. Составьте предложения из данных слов.

1. Have, no, book, I. 2. They, no, good, have, room. 3. Have, yes, I. 4. Room, Ann, a, has. 5. Pen, has, a, she? 6.Little, dog, our, is. 7. Is, pencil, his, old. 8. Lamp, is, good, her? 9. Book, give, please, me, your. 10. Bag, good, is, my.

 

Задание 2.14. Заполните пропуски нужной формой глагола to be и переведите.

1. Не... born in 1985. 2. We... students now. 3. We... good friends at the college. 4. It... an interesting book. 5. Who... absent today? 6. He... a student. 7. What... he? 8.... he a doctor? 9. These... my pencils. 10. Where... this book? It... on the table. 11. What... their names? 12. Mary... a girl. 13. Who... he? 14. What... you? 15. This man... in the room. 16. How... she? 17. How... you? I... fine. 18. How... your friend? 19.... he your son? 20. Tomorrow we... at home. 21.... you a sportsman? 22. There... no book on the table. 23. It... my parents' car. 24. There... 15 students in our group now.                                                           

Задание 2.15. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:

1. Она — учитель? — Да. 2. Вы — не дети. Вы — студенты. 3. Они сейчас в классе? — Нет. 4. Кто вы? — Я — студент. 5. Она — мой друг. 6. Он — не доктор. 7. Это мои дети. 8. Что это? Это — новая книга. 9. Где он был на прошлой неделе? 10. Мы — друзья.

 Задание 2.16. Вставьте глагол to be в нужной форме:

1. Where ... you from?

2. How old ... you? How old ... your brother?

3. What... your name?

4.1... glad to see you. How ... you?

5. The dog ... in the garden.

6. My parents ...workers.

7. ... your father a teacher? — No, he... a doctor.

8. He ... (not) a student, he ... a doctor

9. That book ... (not) very interesting.

10.The book ... on the table.

11.Moscow ... the capital of Russia.

12.... you students?

13.What... the weather like today?

14.What... on the table?

15.... Boris a good football player?